39YYttrium88.90584 u
Yttrium (Y)
Yttrium is a transition metal with atomic number 39, in period 5 and group 3 of the periodic table. Its atomic mass is 88.90584 u and its electron configuration is [Kr] 4d¹ 5s². Solid at 25 °C.
Key facts
| Atomic number | 39 |
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| Atomic mass | 88.90584 u |
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| Category | Transition Metal |
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| Period | 5 |
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| Group | 3 |
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| Block | d |
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| Electron configuration | [Kr] 4d¹ 5s² |
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| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 9, 2 |
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| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.22 |
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| Oxidation states | +1, +2, +3common in bold |
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| State at 25 °C | Solid |
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| Melting point | 1795 K1521.85 °C |
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| Boiling point | 3618 K3344.85 °C |
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| Density | 4.472 g/cm³ |
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Atomic properties
| First ionization energy | 6.217 eV |
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| Electron affinity | 29.6 kJ/mol |
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| Atomic radius | 178 pm |
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| Covalent radius | 190 pm |
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| Van der Waals radius | 219 pm |
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| Common ions | Y³⁺ |
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| Protons, neutrons, electrons | 39, 50, 39 |
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Physical and thermal properties
| Molar volume | 19.88 cm³/mol |
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| Heat of fusion | 11.4 kJ/mol |
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| Heat of vaporization | 380 kJ/mol |
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| Specific heat | 298 J/(kg·K) |
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| Thermal conductivity | 17 W/(m·K) |
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| Thermal expansion | 1.06 × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹ |
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| Mohs hardness | --- |
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| Young’s modulus | 64 GPa |
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| Crystal structure | Simple hexagonal |
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| Magnetic type | Paramagnetic |
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Identification and history
| CAS number | 7440-65-5 |
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| Latin name | Yttrium |
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| Discovered by | Johan Gadolin · 1794 |
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| Named by | --- |
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Natural isotopes
| Isotope | Mass (u) | Abundance |
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| 89Y | 88.905838 | 100 % |
Data checked against PubChem (NIH), IUPAC, the NIST Atomic Spectra Database and the IAEA (NUBASE and AME), the same data you see in the app.
A dash (---) means there is no reliable published measurement. The app never makes one up.
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Periodic Table