Tungsten (W)

Tungsten is a transition metal with atomic number 74, in period 6 and group 6 of the periodic table. Its atomic mass is 183.84 u and its electron configuration is [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁴ 6s². Solid at 25 °C.

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Key facts

Atomic number	74
Atomic mass	183.84 u
Category	Transition Metal
Period	6
Group	6
Block	d
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁴ 6s²
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2
Electronegativity (Pauling)	2.36
Oxidation states	−4, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6common in bold
State at 25 °C	Solid
Melting point	3695 K3421.85 °C
Boiling point	5828 K5554.85 °C
Density	19.25 g/cm³

Atomic properties

First ionization energy	7.864 eV
Electron affinity	78.6 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	141 pm
Covalent radius	162 pm
Van der Waals radius	210 pm
Common ions	W⁶⁺
Protons, neutrons, electrons	74, 110, 74

Physical and thermal properties

Molar volume	9.47 cm³/mol
Heat of fusion	35 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	800 kJ/mol
Specific heat	132 J/(kg·K)
Thermal conductivity	170 W/(m·K)
Thermal expansion	4.5 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹
Mohs hardness	7.5
Young’s modulus	411 GPa
Crystal structure	Body-centered cubic
Magnetic type	Paramagnetic

Identification and history

CAS number	7440-33-7
Latin name	Wolframium
Discovered by	Juan José and Fausto Elhuyar · 1783
Named by	Torbern Bergman · 1781

Natural isotopes

Isotope	Mass (u)	Abundance
¹⁸⁰W	179.946713	0.12 %
¹⁸²W	181.948206	26.5 %
¹⁸³W	182.950224	14.31 %
¹⁸⁴W	183.950933	30.64 %
¹⁸⁶W	185.954365	28.43 %

Data checked against PubChem (NIH), IUPAC, the NIST Atomic Spectra Database and the IAEA (NUBASE and AME), the same data you see in the app.

A dash (---) means there is no reliable published measurement. The app never makes one up.

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