46PdPalladium106.42 u
Palladium (Pd)
Palladium is a transition metal with atomic number 46, in period 5 and group 10 of the periodic table. Its atomic mass is 106.42 u and its electron configuration is [Kr] 4d¹⁰. Solid at 25 °C.
Key facts
| Atomic number | 46 |
|---|
| Atomic mass | 106.42 u |
|---|
| Category | Transition Metal |
|---|
| Period | 5 |
|---|
| Group | 10 |
|---|
| Block | d |
|---|
| Electron configuration | [Kr] 4d¹⁰ |
|---|
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 18 |
|---|
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 2.2 |
|---|
| Oxidation states | +1, +2, +3, +4common in bold |
|---|
| State at 25 °C | Solid |
|---|
| Melting point | 1828.05 K1554.9 °C |
|---|
| Boiling point | 3236 K2962.85 °C |
|---|
| Density | 12.023 g/cm³ |
|---|
Atomic properties
| First ionization energy | 8.337 eV |
|---|
| Electron affinity | 53.7 kJ/mol |
|---|
| Atomic radius | 137 pm |
|---|
| Covalent radius | 139 pm |
|---|
| Van der Waals radius | 202 pm |
|---|
| Common ions | Pd²⁺, Pd⁴⁺ |
|---|
| Protons, neutrons, electrons | 46, 60, 46 |
|---|
Physical and thermal properties
| Molar volume | 8.56 cm³/mol |
|---|
| Heat of fusion | 16.7 kJ/mol |
|---|
| Heat of vaporization | 380 kJ/mol |
|---|
| Specific heat | 240 J/(kg·K) |
|---|
| Thermal conductivity | 71 W/(m·K) |
|---|
| Thermal expansion | 1.18 × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹ |
|---|
| Mohs hardness | 4.75 |
|---|
| Young’s modulus | 121 GPa |
|---|
| Crystal structure | Face-centered cubic |
|---|
| Magnetic type | Paramagnetic |
|---|
Identification and history
| CAS number | 7440-05-3 |
|---|
| Latin name | Palladium |
|---|
| Discovered by | William Hyde Wollaston · 1803 |
|---|
| Named by | --- |
|---|
Natural isotopes
| Isotope | Mass (u) | Abundance |
|---|
| 102Pd | 101.905632 | 1.02 % |
| 104Pd | 103.90403 | 11.14 % |
| 105Pd | 104.905079 | 22.33 % |
| 106Pd | 105.90348 | 27.33 % |
| 108Pd | 107.903892 | 26.46 % |
| 110Pd | 109.905173 | 11.72 % |
Data checked against PubChem (NIH), IUPAC, the NIST Atomic Spectra Database and the IAEA (NUBASE and AME), the same data you see in the app.
A dash (---) means there is no reliable published measurement. The app never makes one up.
See Palladium in the app
Orbital diagram with Hund’s rule, emission spectrum, shell model, every isotope, a real photo, and comparison with any other element. Free, no ads, works offline.
Periodic Table