28NiNickel58.6934 u
Nickel (Ni)
Nickel is a transition metal with atomic number 28, in period 4 and group 10 of the periodic table. Its atomic mass is 58.6934 u and its electron configuration is [Ar] 3d⁸ 4s². Solid at 25 °C.
Key facts
| Atomic number | 28 |
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| Atomic mass | 58.6934 u |
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| Category | Transition Metal |
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| Period | 4 |
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| Group | 10 |
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| Block | d |
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| Electron configuration | [Ar] 3d⁸ 4s² |
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| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 16, 2 |
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| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.91 |
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| Oxidation states | −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4common in bold |
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| State at 25 °C | Solid |
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| Melting point | 1728 K1454.85 °C |
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| Boiling point | 3186 K2912.85 °C |
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| Density | 8.908 g/cm³ |
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Atomic properties
| First ionization energy | 7.64 eV |
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| Electron affinity | 112 kJ/mol |
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| Atomic radius | 124 pm |
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| Covalent radius | 124 pm |
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| Van der Waals radius | 163 pm |
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| Common ions | Ni²⁺, Ni³⁺ |
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| Protons, neutrons, electrons | 28, 31, 28 |
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Physical and thermal properties
| Molar volume | 6.59 cm³/mol |
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| Heat of fusion | 17.2 kJ/mol |
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| Heat of vaporization | 378 kJ/mol |
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| Specific heat | 445 J/(kg·K) |
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| Thermal conductivity | 91 W/(m·K) |
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| Thermal expansion | 1.34 × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹ |
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| Mohs hardness | 4 |
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| Young’s modulus | 200 GPa |
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| Crystal structure | Face-centered cubic |
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| Magnetic type | Ferromagnetic |
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Identification and history
| CAS number | 7440-02-0 |
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| Latin name | Niccolum |
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| Discovered by | Axel Fredrik Cronstedt · 1751 |
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| Named by | --- |
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Natural isotopes
| Isotope | Mass (u) | Abundance |
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| 58Ni | 57.935342 | 68.0769 % |
| 60Ni | 59.930785 | 26.2231 % |
| 61Ni | 60.931055 | 1.1399 % |
| 62Ni | 61.928345 | 3.6345 % |
| 64Ni | 63.927966 | 0.9256 % |
Data checked against PubChem (NIH), IUPAC, the NIST Atomic Spectra Database and the IAEA (NUBASE and AME), the same data you see in the app.
A dash (---) means there is no reliable published measurement. The app never makes one up.
See Nickel in the app
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Periodic Table