Neodymium (Nd)

Neodymium is a lanthanide with atomic number 60, in period 6, in the f-block of the periodic table. Its atomic mass is 144.242 u and its electron configuration is [Xe] 4f⁴ 6s². Solid at 25 °C.

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Key facts

Atomic number	60
Atomic mass	144.242 u
Category	Lanthanide
Period	6
Group	f-block, no group number
Block	f
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f⁴ 6s²
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2
Electronegativity (Pauling)	1.14
Oxidation states	+2, +3, +4common in bold
State at 25 °C	Solid
Melting point	1294 K1020.85 °C
Boiling point	3347 K3073.85 °C
Density	7.01 g/cm³

Atomic properties

First ionization energy	5.525 eV
Electron affinity	50 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	182 pm
Covalent radius	201 pm
Van der Waals radius	229 pm
Common ions	Nd³⁺
Protons, neutrons, electrons	60, 84, 60

Physical and thermal properties

Molar volume	20.58 cm³/mol
Heat of fusion	7.1 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	285 kJ/mol
Specific heat	190 J/(kg·K)
Thermal conductivity	17 W/(m·K)
Thermal expansion	9.6 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹
Mohs hardness	1.23
Young’s modulus	41 GPa
Crystal structure	Simple hexagonal
Magnetic type	Paramagnetic

Identification and history

CAS number	7440-00-8
Latin name	Neodymium
Discovered by	Carl Auer von Welsbach · 1885
Named by	Carl Auer von Welsbach · 1885

Natural isotopes

Isotope	Mass (u)	Abundance
¹⁴²Nd	141.907729	27.153 %
¹⁴³Nd	142.90982	12.173 %
¹⁴⁴Nd	143.910093	23.798 %
¹⁴⁵Nd	144.912579	8.293 %
¹⁴⁶Nd	145.913122	17.189 %
¹⁴⁸Nd	147.916899	5.756 %
¹⁵⁰Nd	149.920901	5.638 %

Data checked against PubChem (NIH), IUPAC, the NIST Atomic Spectra Database and the IAEA (NUBASE and AME), the same data you see in the app.

A dash (---) means there is no reliable published measurement. The app never makes one up.

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