80HgMercury200.592 u
Mercury (Hg)
Mercury is a transition metal with atomic number 80, in period 6 and group 12 of the periodic table. Its atomic mass is 200.592 u and its electron configuration is [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s². Liquid at 25 °C.
Key facts
| Atomic number | 80 |
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| Atomic mass | 200.592 u |
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| Category | Transition Metal |
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| Period | 6 |
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| Group | 12 |
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| Block | d |
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| Electron configuration | [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² |
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| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 2 |
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| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 2 |
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| Oxidation states | −2, +1, +2common in bold |
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| State at 25 °C | Liquid |
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| Melting point | 234.32 K−38.83 °C |
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| Boiling point | 629.88 K356.73 °C |
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| Density | 13.534 g/cm³ |
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Atomic properties
| First ionization energy | 10.438 eV |
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| Electron affinity | 0 kJ/mol |
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| Atomic radius | 157 pm |
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| Covalent radius | 132 pm |
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| Van der Waals radius | 209 pm |
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| Common ions | Hg²⁺ |
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| Protons, neutrons, electrons | 80, 121, 80 |
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Physical and thermal properties
| Molar volume | 14.09 cm³/mol |
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| Heat of fusion | 2.29 kJ/mol |
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| Heat of vaporization | 59.2 kJ/mol |
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| Specific heat | 139.5 J/(kg·K) |
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| Thermal conductivity | 8.3 W/(m·K) |
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| Thermal expansion | 0.000181 K⁻¹ |
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| Mohs hardness | --- |
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| Young’s modulus | --- |
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| Crystal structure | Simple trigonal |
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| Magnetic type | Diamagnetic |
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Identification and history
| CAS number | 7439-97-6 |
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| Latin name | Hydrargyrum |
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| Discovered by | Known since antiquity |
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| Named by | --- |
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Natural isotopes
| Isotope | Mass (u) | Abundance |
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| 196Hg | 195.965833 | 0.15 % |
| 198Hg | 197.966769 | 10.04 % |
| 199Hg | 198.968281 | 16.94 % |
| 200Hg | 199.968327 | 23.14 % |
| 201Hg | 200.970303 | 13.17 % |
| 202Hg | 201.970644 | 29.74 % |
| 204Hg | 203.973494 | 6.82 % |
Data checked against PubChem (NIH), IUPAC, the NIST Atomic Spectra Database and the IAEA (NUBASE and AME), the same data you see in the app.
A dash (---) means there is no reliable published measurement. The app never makes one up.
See Mercury in the app
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Periodic Table